Sound-Symbol Association Problems
Johnson and Myklebust described dyslexia as a breakdown in the interneurosensory processing. This means that the child is unable to make the association needed between the graphemes and its phonemes. The child's biggest difficulty lies in comprehending that although the English alphabet consists of 26 letters, there are only 44 phonemes; that the names of the letters are different from their phonemic properties; that few letters have only one sound which remains constant; that combination of certain consonants and vowels produce entirely different sounds; that certain consonant-vowel combinations change the sound; that there are hard, soft and silent sounds depending on the positioning of the letters in the words, etc. The difficulty is compounded when the child also has a memory disorder.
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